SCHIZOPHRENIA
Schizophrenia, a good reason, unknown functionality significantly disrupts, feelings, thoughts and behavior disorders and watch important that, even with the name is a scary disease. Are usually chronic course, and (1) prodromal (the first was soft on symptoms) period, (2) crazy (delusions) and / or hallusinasyonların (Hallucination) where active periods, (3) between rezidül term remissions may be seen to be in three stages will watch.

Disease, the first time in 1852 by the Morel “precox dementia (early dementia)” defined by name, beginning in adolescence and that was considered to result demansla. 1911 Bleuler, however, the disease started at an early age and dementia are not the conditions did not result in stress, the frightening early dementia and schizophrenia name has proposed naming the left. Schizophrenia, “division of the mind” means.

1-1.5% lifetime prevalence of schizophrenia ‘dur. This means that, every two hundred people came to the world from 2-3 will be infected with schizophrenia. In the U.S., where two million schizophrenic patients worldwide each year for the first time someone ikimilyon schizophrenia hesabedilmektedir received. Compared to rural areas, urban areas and more severe the disease is more common. In addition, industry-condensed region, according to industrialized areas are more widespread and severe. Disease occurs in the male-female difference is not.

Lower socioeconomic groups are more common. However, the incidence among socio-economic class (remove the number of diseases in certain periods, disease rate) are equal. In other words, every socioeconomic group, diseases are emerging at an equal amount of each class, but when you count the schizophrenic patients, as can be seen more in the lower socioeconomic class. The reason for this is explained as follows: schizophrenia, the patient is a lower quality of life, was born and grew up in the upper socioeconomic class, even if ill after life spent in the lower socioeconomic groups has started. This also has the opposite opinion.
Disease, a large majority between the ages of 15-35 start. (50% under 25.) Under 10 years of age and 40 years of age at the onset is rare. In this case, the most risky in terms of age of onset of schizophrenia, 15-25 years are.

Clinical symptoms, course and consequences of severe schizophrenia is a disease. The treatment of schizophrenia in the last 10-20 years has increased the possibilities thoroughly. To illustrate, if necessary, in the decade 1965 to date 1975 the number of schizophrenic patients in hospitals, has halved. Today, 80% of these patients are treated in bed without a patient unit.

ETIOLOGY
Schizophrenia, the emergence of the disease, symptoms, course and consequences of different views as of a disease Favorites perhaps is a group of diseases. Therefore, one can not focus on the etiologic factors. The emergence of the disease usually stress-diathesis (tendency to strain-) model is used. According to this model, people with schizophrenia reveals a particular biological characteristics have easy or disease predisposition. Such a structure of a stress (strain), and pull the trigger the symptoms of schizophrenia are emerging. This stres’ler, genetic, biological, psychosocial, or may be environmental.

GENETICS
In people with a family history of schizophrenia is higher than normal population risk of schizophrenia. Similarly, in identical twins, fraternal twins are higher risk than eşhastalanma. Adopted in studies on children, if the biological mother and / or father in the schizophrenic, if adopted again the risk of schizophrenia in children is high. Opposite is also true. Mother and / or non-schizophrenic father, a child, was adopted by a family of schizophrenic cases, the adoptive child does not increase the risk of schizophrenia. Just should be noted here that this digression is a disease of schizophrenia does not mean hereditary. Schizophrenic patients, children will also thought that the disease is not true. Only question is hereditary predisposition. In this respect, schizophrenia, an illness is not connected to a single factor, with many factors (mültifaktöriel) should be a model can be explained.

BIOLOGICAL
Biochemical laboratory findings, the brains of schizophrenic patients in biochemistry, in specific areas of change or indicate deterioration. The most important, the “dopamine hypothesis” is. Dopamine, a neural message is an item. According to this hypothesis in schizophrenia, dopamine activity in question is increased. Amphetamine, cocaine, drugs such as substance also is known to increase dopaminergic activity. Gene of these substances led to schizophrenia or similar-looking diseases known. To tell you summarize, in schizophrenic patients has increased dopaminergic activity. Some substances that increase dopaminergic activity in schizophrenia reveals similar situations. But, in schizophrenia, increased dopamine activity is not seen. This means that the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia can not always explain, and his call for the assumption. By dopamine hypothesis, “norepinephrine hypothesis”, “GABA hypothesis”, “serotonin hypothesis” is in question. This hypothesis also does not fit her schizophrenia.
Biological findings also suggest the following questions. In schizophrenic patients detected on brain biochemistry findings are not the cause of schizophrenia, a laboratory findings in schizophrenia is it? In other words, these biochemical changes in schizophrenia are caused. This issue on the basis of cause-effect ilşkisi is not enlightened.
Psychosocial and environmental
Of life events that are important to people, such as it is known that schizophrenia occurs, disease exacerbation or recurrence is known to cause. Nearby deaths, disasters, marriage, military men, business problems, life events may be important for that person. However, this type of gene should be noted that the environmental factors, rather than stand-alone cause disease, genetic predisposition, such as biological factors are added to cause disease is emerging. Environmental factors as causes of disease, rather than contribute to the emergence of diseases which are major factors pull the trigger. In other words, people to schizophrenia, genetic and / or biologically predisposed, if a period of life, environmental factors for disease pull the trigger. The other side of the subject, rather than environmental factors cause disease symptoms seen in the formation that is to be effective. For example, in our country in times of shock “will hang me, do not follow” types of delusions are increasing.
SYMPTOM
Schizophrenia, acute symptoms can begin as a slow and insidious manner can begin. Sneaky in the beginning, the reduction in interest in the environment, indifference, escape from society, who often look in the mirror with a certain self-interest over their own body and, strange interests, metaphysics concerned is involved. During this period, patients usually at a young age is the island “was held karasevdaya”, “society was offended” and so on. in the form of comments to get there. Sometimes symptoms of depression or other mental diseases with similar symptoms can begin. Especially in the era of youthfulness, at the start of any mental illness, schizophrenia should not be kept away from the mind.

Patients’ view, apathy, dullness, diffidence, indifference to the outward appearance attracts attention. In heavy type, clutter, untidiness, pollution highlighted. Changes are seen in psychomotor behavior. Excessive physical-spiritual restlessness, strange face eye movements, body positions strange, strange iterations are among them.
In schizophrenia, all functional decline or deterioration in question is. Reference (to be) the ideas, crazy (hallucinations, delusions,), such as thought disorders are content. Hallucinations, delusions, unlike in other disorders, unsystematic, inconsistent, is a strange ( “I am the son of an alien”). Mostly to auditory, visual, kokusal, tactile hallusinasyonlar (Hallucination, “these threats are coming to my ears”) are seen. Ideas flow degradation, enkoherans (incomprehensible, absurd-Straps speech), reveals such irrational thinking. In thought processes, abstraction ability is disrupted; concrete is considered. Affective decreased; küntleşmiştir or is inappropriate. Or almost no, or do not emotional reactions are inappropriate emotional responses. Each level of anxiety (anxiety) can live. Patients with the environment is irrelevant; events does not affect him, as do not care. Loss of ego boundaries, with the outside world inside the world itself with symptoms such as difficulty in distinguish perception is corrupted. Improper motive and motivation, ambivalans (at the same time two contradictory feelings, thoughts and behaviors to reveal) disorders, such as will be seen. Interpersonal functions is disturbed. Social inward closure, aggression, these are examples of sexual impropriety. Psychomotor inhibition (mental-physical inactivity), eksitasyona (hyperactivity), extending the range of motion in the qualitative changes; Mannerism (strange, incomprehensible side eye movements), catatonia (the body in a certain position hard stop), stereotypy (repetitive and stereotyped the body movements), such as qualitative deterioration is seen.
1952 is the oldest drug used in schizophrenia. Since that time, more effective and less effective drugs and other therapeutic techniques as well developed. The treatment of schizophrenia is thought to be former, present a significant and important levels can be treated is a disease. However, after the departure from the middle of the symptoms for a long time, years-long treatment should continue. Otherwise, the probability of recurrence increases.

Treated patients, decreased interest in most of the time we call negative symptoms, society away from, a reduction in emotional responses, self-care, such as deterioration in symptoms may continue. Each patient, especially in patients with negative symptoms lasting disease after treatment is important. These people should continue to be monitored in bed without a patient unit. Besides, family and social support should be provided by society. Rehabilitation, reintegration efforts to live and work, in terms of those people in society to regain importance. Under expert supervision, work therapy (oküpasyonel treatment), manual labor and production of art work must be arranged. It appears that, in schizophrenia, post-treatment care and social support, it is important to treatment. However, this type of work can not be said enough. Patients usually are left to the family support, sometimes that does not happen, “homeless” şizofrenikler, disheveled on the street, dirt inside, with matted hair unbarbered are circulating. Unfortunately, the sad image of an animal in the streets of başkıldıran, returned to their country during the first agenda of the general public, such patients are ignored.

As a light, as in many countries of the world, our country, mental health professionals and patients, their families, “schizophrenia” by establishing associations are organized. These organizations without purpose, the families of schizophrenic patients and patient with him not to disconnect, to provide monitoring, is to educate families. Medicine often we see that in our life, or the patient’s own family, on a sufficient improvement, the treatment is interrupted. With this organization, patients and their families with the support of society, patients will be monitored continuously as possible, the social support will be provided. This application is an example of preventive psychiatry protection of the tertiary.

SANRI with DISORDERS
One symptom of the disease and the primary, is that delusions do not change. “Are you following me, kill such as”. These hallucinations, as in schizophrenia, unsystematic, is not strange. The patient’s emotional response to delusions, hallucinations meets. Follow believe, you will hear that distress, self-styled war gives life to save. Destruction due to disease, schizophrenia, or to no or very little contrast. Patients are usually over-sensitive. This case, the patient is capable of high levels of functionality, though, can lead to close to public smoking. If the patient is in a comfortable situation, does not have any mental disorders can be thought. Also known by the public “paranoia” about the disease corresponds to.

Genetic studies have shown that delusional disorder, mood disorder, nor what a sub-type of schizophrenia or early period is not a symptom. This first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia or mood disorder does not show increased risk.

Primarily psychosocial welded. Histories of the patients was examined genellilke exposed to physical and emotional abuse they can be seen. Cruel, coarse, irregular, unreliable they are children of parents. In this case the child, it is necessary not developed a sense of trust. And children, the environment has always believed to be hostile and dangerous. Deafness, blindness, social isolation and loneliness, migration, unexpected environmental changes may also play a role in the development of the disease. This disease used in the main defense mechanism, projection is the (reflection). Unacceptable thoughts and feelings, reflected against the one in “I’m not her enemy, that enemy to me”. Addition, reaction with formation (building opposite reaction), for example, feelings of inferiority, feelings are converted to size.

According to the main features of delusions, is divided into 5 types:
1 / Erotomanik tip: Usually one of the upper class itself, is in love with him.
2 / Grandiyöz tip: seek out intensity, richness, of knowledge is in delusions.
3 / Persekütuar tip: to do evil believes, “oldürecekler me” shows such as delusions.
4 / Jaluzik tip: the sexual partner is not loyal to him believe in a fiction was delusional.
5 / somatic type: Hallucinations in a fiction, an important disease or physical deficiency was believed to be. Disease is a situation different from the disease. Suspicion about the disease, but is in delusions.

POSTPARTUM (Postnatal) psychoses
Disease occurs after birth. Major, depression and hallucinations occur. Insomnia, restlessness, emotional symptoms, such as variability, occur within 2-3 days after birth. Then delusions appear. Obsession with the baby to see. 1000 birth are 1-in 2. Most are first developed at birth. Typically, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, such as secondary to underlying mental disorder is another. Rapid changes in hormone levels after birth, may contribute to the emergence of the disease. Unwanted pregnancies, unhappy marriage, motherhood, such as korkları psychodynamic conflicts can be found.

ŞİZOFRENİFORM (schizophrenia-like) disorder, schizophrenia-like, but short term is a disorder. The bridge between schizophrenia and affective disorders, schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder which takes less than a month for similar disorders BRIEF PSYCHOTIC DISORDER, and one center to other satellites experienced by two people who have been SHARED PSYCHOTIC DISORDER here should be an.